Reverse osmosis membranes:
Artificial reverse osmosis membranes are designed to separate a liquid of a certain composition into components. Also, osmosis membranes are called selectively or differential permeable membranes. It allows diffusion to pass through itself molecules or ions below a certain size, and those who are larger – delays. The rate of passage of water through the membrane depends on the pressure, concentration of impurities and the temperature of the solution itself and the permeability of the membrane.It is also used in industry in a industrial Ro plant .
General information about the membrane in reverse osmosis systems:
A reverse osmosis membrane is the main element of systems where reverse osmosis is used. A reverse osmosis membrane is capable of passing only those molecules whose size is smaller than water molecules, and the remaining impurities merge into the drainage with a concentrated salt solution. Membrane nanopores caused a very high degree of purification, the diameter of which is 0.0001 μm, i.e. 0.1 nm, which is 250 times less than viruses and 5,000 times less bacteria. A solution with a high salt content is called -filtrate or concentrate, and purified water is permeate.
The polymer membrane of the filter is the most common artificial membrane; it is used in ultrafiltration of water and in the Industrial Ro plant .
Passing speed is influenced by such factors as:
Pressure (not <2.5 atm.)
Salt concentration (not> 1000 ppm. According to TDS)
Temperature (from + 50С to + 400С)
A case study on optimizing the treatment of recovered water :
Hatch recently completed a study on a high-throughput test method to assess several coagulants and flocculants (and various combinations of them) and compare them to the chemical formula used in an Industrial Ro plant. The test program was developed to analyze the performance of many chemicals in various dosages in order to compensate for the insufficient data available to treat the water recovered from this plant. Using the high throughput test method, we performed 425 different tests with a large number of chemicals in varying dosages in just three days. The results of this study were used to guide testing of larger volumes directly at the mine and to assess the toxicity of the treated water. Tests have shown that more conventional chemicals can be used in reasonable doses, and that the new chemical formula would significantly reduce annual operating costs. While there is no guarantee that other sites will achieve the same results, the high-throughput test method could be used in existing plants to quickly confirm whether the dosages are adequate and whether costs can be reduced.
For futher information click here : Ro plant price in Pakistan
watertreatment 