Fluoride
- Fluorine compounds affect the musculoskeletal system – the bone skeleton. More than half of the fluoride consumed settles in the bones and teeth.
- The fluoride content in drinking water should be at the level of 0.7–1.5 mg / l. A lack of fluoride in drinking water – less than 0.5 mg / l, and its excess – more than 1.5 mg / l – is harmful.
- He is involved in the thyroid gland and the absorption of trace elements, including calcium. In the case of this element, it is equally dangerous, both its deficiency and its excess. For example, a flaw
- can cause destruction of bone tissue in particular of teeth, and an excess accumulates in the aorta and may be the cause of its calcification. So a water filtration plant is required to access fluoride.
Ammonia, nitrates, nitrites:
Their presence is a signal of a possible pollution of the source by domestic or industrial wastewater.
- Ammonia in high concentrations causes irritation of the mucous membranes. When conducting research on laboratory rabbits, dysfunctions in the genital area were observed, in pregnant females there was a slowdown in fetal growth. At the genetic level, there were changes in the structure of chromosomes, including lethal mutations.
- Nitrates cause disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, headaches, swelling and, as a consequence, hypertension.
- With prolonged exposure to rats with drinking water with a high level of ammonium, a decrease in the calcium content in the body was observed, a change in blood pH occurred and body weight decreased. As for people, people with a reduced ammonia metabolism caused by impaired liver and kidney function are especially vulnerable. Here it is written in more detail about nitrates.
Silicic acid:
It prevents the use of water to power high-pressure boilers (due to the deposition of silicate scale on the walls of the boilers and turbine blades).
In people who used water with a high content of silicon compounds for drinking for a long time, lung fibrosis, kidney stone formation and neoplasms were observed. Rarely signs of chronic poisoning are fatigue, the development of a depression, anemia.
In industry, it causes precipitation on the surface of pipelines.
Free carbon dioxide:
Carbon dioxide is partially soluble in water. Carbon dioxide is its dissolved form: CO 2 + H 2 O = H 2 CO 3 .- Despite its bactericidal properties, it can cause flatulence and irritation of the walls of the stomach.
- In industry, it can cause corrosion of metals (including water pipes) and concrete structures.
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