Hydrogen Index (pH):

In drinking water, the pH should be in the range of 6.5–8.5.

• A pH of less than 6.5 indicates an acidic environment, which in the long run can negatively affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, alkaline (more than 8.5) can cause alkalization of the body and the ensuing problems. pH can only be balanaced by a water softener plant
• The pH values ​​along with other indicators of water quality (temperature, total alkalinity, calcium content and dry residue) allows
• to judge the ability of water to precipitate calcium carbonate in water pipes and cooled equipment or to cause corrosion of washed metal surfaces.

Iron:

Iron is typically found in well water, as it is a natural admixture of groundwater. Due to the lack of air, it does not oxidize and can reach extremely high values ​​in water from wells. Secondary contamination with iron in the pipeline is more typical for tap water, rust flakes and organometallic compounds are washed off during the movement through the pipes.The iron content in drinking water should not exceed 0.2 mg / l. Elevated iron in drinking water affects the taste of water, causes flatulence and constipation. In domestic use, it can cause damage to linen and rust spots on plumbing, it prevents the use of water for some industries (dyeing fabrics, film production, etc.), in some cases it causes the formation of glandular deposits in water pipes.

Sulphates and Chlorides:

• Chlorides and sulfates are one of the most common anions in water; most of these inorganic compounds are completely soluble in water.
• With systematic consumption, chlorides can cause disturbances in the functioning of the urinary system and, as a result, edema. They, in turn, lead to increased pressure and consequent problems of the cardiovascular system.
• Sulfates cause an unpleasant bitter-salty taste of water, they can cause
• irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, some have a laxative effect, for example, magnesium sulfate is one of the common laxatives with a quick effect.
• The content of sulfates and chlorides in drinking water should not exceed 250 mg / l.

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Water network problems:

In addition to the boiler, the bacteria may well multiply in the pipes of the water distribution network. In this case, the water will also have an unpleasant odor even before the boiler. You can precisely check the presence of smelling impurities in the water by clogging the water in a plastic bottle, leaving it to stand for a day. 

This will provide a brighter smell and answer the question of why the water stinks in the boiler. In this case, a small filter at the water inlet to the system will most likely help you. 

If you already know why the water in the boiler is running out, let’s talk about what can be done to avoid this. 

How to avoid smell?

• If you use the economic regime, sometimes try to warm the boiler to temperatures above 55 ° C to avoid fouling.
• Install a mechanical water filter for home or in front of the boiler , as any particles are a good substrate for bacteria to attach;
• Install  a descaling filter , since in addition to reducing energy efficiency, the roughness formed by calcium and magnesium carbonates is the basis for fixing colonies of microorganisms;
• Perform a scheduled washing of the boiler every 6 to 12 months – it will save you from rain and scale;
• If the anode is worn or creates a smell, replace it.

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What will happen to the water in the filter jug?

Inside the cartridge is a mixture of activated carbon, ion exchange resin and catalytic granules. Returning to the description of the materials, we can draw such conclusions – after the exhaustion of the resource, the filter stops:

• soften (scale will appear on the kettle);
• remove heavy metals;
• reduce color and odors, sorb toxic organic matter (it is also possible to wash out impurities and worsen the taste of water);
• retain iron and manganese, which cause a metallic taste.

It is also worth noting that despite the fact that the charge is treated with silver ions to protect against fouling, it is likely that microorganisms multiply inside the cartridge and release them into water with a significant deterioration in taste.

Triple filter:

A set of cartridges includes:

• mechanical polypropylene or ion exchange element;
• Ecomix catalytic loading cartridge;
• carbon block from coconut activated carbon.
• What happens if you do not change them on time:
• slip of calcium and magnesium ions (scale)
• organic substances that spoil the taste and smell, and heavy metals;
• the appearance of a metallic taste;
• the appearance of color and odors due to the quality of the source water and microbiological fouling inside the filter.

And the most interesting:

What will happen if the cartridges are not replaced on time in the reverse osmosis system?

To do this, you need to understand its structure in more detail in more detail, since all components are interconnected. The principle of the reverse osmosis system can be found here .

Prefilter cartridges are intended for preliminary water purification in front of the membrane from:

• mechanical particles that clog the surface of the membrane element;
• chlorine – dangerous for the polyamide from which the membrane sheet is made;
• organics – forms mucus in the interlist space of the membrane element, which prevents the passage of water through it and can increase water consumption by 50-60%.

Any reverse osmosis system or industrial Ro plant  comes with polypropylene and carbon elements. They are recommended to be changed every three months (and if the water is really bad then more often).

Why?

If they begin to leak high amounts of hazardous elements, an expensive membrane will have a shorter life and reduced productivity. And changing cartridges is much cheaper than a membrane.

As for the membrane element. You can be calm, regardless of the degree of pollution, it will not miss the pollution. The consequences of delayed replacement will be:

Regarding the post-filter – it is designed just to prevent the effects of fouling after the membrane, which can cause an unpleasant odor and taste of water. If its replacement is greatly expired, the unpleasant smell of water is guaranteed by fouling inside the cartridge itself.

The mineralizer, in addition to being able to stop releasing minerals into the water, is also prone to fouling.

And the main conclusions:

1. Untimely replacement of cartridges in jugs and triple filters leads to deterioration of water quality;

2. Delaying the replacement of any element of the reverse osmosis system does not pose a health hazard, but increases financial costs.

We hope that we answered your questions regarding the need for timely replacement of cartridges, if not, leave them in the comments.

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What will happen if you do not replace the cartridges on time:

This question is often asked by our customers.

First, we give the frequency of replacing cartridges in different water filters for home:

1. in a jug – every 1.5 to 2 months, depending on the initial quality of the water and the quantity of the consumer;

2. in a triple filter – once every half a year or with a sharp deterioration in the taste of water;

3. in the reverse osmosis system:

• prefilter cartridges – once every three months;
• mineralizer and post-filter – once every half a year;
• reverse osmosis membrane – once every 12 months.

How do filter media work?

To get a good understanding of what happens with replaceable cartridges, let’s see how the materials inside them behave.

Foamed polypropylene of mechanical cartridges traps large particles of sand, clay, silt, etc. When the resource is exhausted, it simply clogs and greatly reduces the pressure at the filter outlet. In addition, it is subject to biological fouling.

Ion exchange resin: 

The principle of its work is that it exchanges sodium cations from its surface for calcium and magnesium from water. When the resource of the ion-exchange resin is close to exhaustion, an ion slip occurs – a sharp appearance of a certain content of hardness ions. After a certain time, the material will simply stop working and you will drink hard water. As for activated carbon, it works on the principle of adsorption. When the main part of the pore surface is occupied by molecules of organic substances and chlorine, water also ceases to be purified and leaching of contaminants may even be observed. Catalytic materials also lose their active surface and cease to be cleaned, resulting in the release of iron, manganese, etc.  Mineralizers contain natural minerals that are washed out and eventually cease to stand out in the water. Polyamide fibers of the membrane element are simply clogged with mucus, which reduces their productivity. Biofouling is another serious threat, since it can affect each of the listed materials and reduce its efficiency. Understanding this information, we consider each replaceable element.

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Filter jug: will my water be clean?

The simplest water filter for home is a jug. It has been used for many years to purify water.

Pitcher Filter Device:

It is a transparent plastic container in the form of a jug with a lid. Inside it is a cartridge with filter material.

There are two types of covers for such devices:

• with a hole for filling water;
• removable;

Sometimes silicone pads on the bottom and handle of the jug are provided in order to ensure its maximum stability and comfort of use. Water is poured into a special funnel with a cartridge and passes through the filter material, after which it accumulates in its lower part.

Jug filter working principle:

The main element of this device is a replaceable cartridge. It is a housing made of food-grade plastic, with holes in the upper and lower particles. From above, a special cone is usually provided for uniform collection and distribution of water in the loading layer.

The first element that water passes on its way is a mesh of polymer material. It removes large mechanical particles.

Next, the water enters the backfill of the cartridge, which consists of several materials:

1. Ion exchange resin to reduce stiffness and, therefore, prevent the formation of scale. On its surface there are fixed sodium ions, which, in contact with hard water, are exchanged for safe sodium. Also, ion exchange resins can remove small amounts of heavy metals.

2. Activated carbon – it adsorbs:

• natural organic substances that cause the color of water and unpleasant odors;
• chlorine, respectively, an unpleasant pungent odor disappears;
• toxic pesticides and organochlorine that appear in water from effluents of industrial enterprises and in the process of chlorine disinfection.

3. Catalytic materials. They have specific properties for accelerated oxidation of certain impurities, including manganese and iron, thereby reducing the metallic taste.

To prevent biological fouling in such filters, the charge is sometimes impregnated with silver ions.

4. At the bottom of the cartridge is an inert material that performs a drainage function (holds the load in the cartridge).

Each manufacturer creates a loading recipe independently. It depends on the quality of the water, the required resource, etc.

Typically, such a cartridge works for 1 to 2 months, depending on the volume of material, the quality of the source and the amount of water consumed.

Cartridge replacement:

The process includes 5 stages.

• Remove the cover and remove the old cartridge.
• Rinse all filter parts under running water, while dishwashing detergent can be used.
• Soak a new cartridge for 5 to 10 minutes.
• Install it in the funnel.
• Pass 2 portions of water through it and pour them.
• After that, you can drink water.

Jug Filter Rules:

• Use only for tap water.
• Follow the frequency and rules for replacing cartridges.
• Not intended for hot water (maximum temperature 35 to C)

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Water machine. How does it work and how to use it?

A water filling machine is a small, compact, fully automated compact plant. 

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Despite the fact that the machine seems small, quite a lot of equipment is placed inside the metal case:

• mechanical cartridge filter with a polypropylene cartridge to remove large particles of sludge, rust, sand, which are present in tap water.
• activated carbon cartridge filter to reduce the content of substances hazardous to the membrane element – chlorine, which destroys the polyamide fibers of the membrane, and organic substances forming mucus in the interstitial space and reduce the performance of the membrane element;
• reverse osmosis or industrial Ro plant  membrane to remove the smallest contaminants. At this stage, 99.8% of impurities are retained, including dangerous viruses and bacteria, heavy metal ions, pesticides, etc.
• a filter loaded with natural calcite material is intended to adjust pH and mineralization with useful calcium ions;
• carbon post-filter – improves the taste and smell of water, prevents ingress into microbiological fouling;
• ultraviolet disinfection just before the spill.
• Also, in some models, there is additional mineralization of water with a solution of reagents. 
• In order to make it easy for you to understand how such a system works, we provide a basic flow diagram of water treatment below. 

Can I be sure of the quality of the water?

In this case, we can only talk about the products Ecosoft and “Healthy Water”. If you decide to buy water in the machine of another manufacturer, we can not guarantee the quality. 

Our service department works like clockwork and you can regularly see service engineers who come to carry out certain manipulations. 

Below is a table of replacement frequencies for filter elements:

It is worth noting that most of the machines that are manufactured by Ecosoft are equipped with an automatic control system for indicators of water quality and water flow. If something went wrong or service is needed, the automatic controller sends a message to the owner of the machine and our service department. Therefore, you can not worry about the quality of water treatment. 

How to use a vending machine with water?

Pouring water is very simple:

1. Prepare the container and place it on a shelf or bottle holder.

2. Enter the required amount.

3. Using the button, select the required volume of water.

4. Use the No / Pause and Yes / Start buttons to replace containers.

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How to carbonate water?

Many people like to drink sparkling water. The most popular substance that saturates water is carbon dioxide. Less commonly, it is a mixture with nitrogen or oxygen. 

It is worth noting that in addition to organoleptic qualities, carbon dioxide acts as a preservative.

There are two types of gas saturation:

• Mechanical – when carbon dioxide is supplied from a cylinder to pre-chilled water. So the usual water is produced from the shelves of supermarkets;
• chemical method – chemical reagents are added to such water, which, when reacted, emit carbon dioxide. So produce soda.

On an industrial scale, water is carbonated with the help of special devices – saturators, industrial Ro plant ,water filtration plant, which are connected to a gas cylinder. Before carbonating water with carbon dioxide, it is necessary to cool it, since its solubility increases with decreasing water temperature. 

How to carbonate water at home?

Here we have studied the abundance of methods described on the Internet, first we’ll talk about how you can carbonate water at home, but you shouldn’t. 

There are two real, effective and safe ways:

• Use of a domestic saturator.
• Cooking soda.

Today there are special small saturators called siphons. They are used both in domestic conditions and in bars. 

How does a siphon or water saturator work?

The device is a set of:

• the siphon itself, which evenly releases carbon dioxide into the water;
• replaceable small-capacity carbon dioxide cans;
• metal, plastic or glass containers for water.
• The usage algorithm is extremely simple. Water is poured into a container for aeration, a saturator is screwed onto it. Then, a safety valve at the top of the siphon is unscrewed from it. In its place, a can of gas is screwed neatly, directly through the thread, so that the needle located inside the siphon correctly breaks the can. After that, the gas will begin to flow into the water, you need to wait a little time. To pour water, you just need to press the button or hold down the lever.
• With this appliance, you can make different drinks at home, such as tarragon or mojito. 
• If you are already a very big lover of water or like to collect large companies, you can purchase a large carbon dioxide cylinder and a special saturator for it. 

How to make soda at home?

Carbon dioxide is obtained by the interaction of carbonates with acids. The most common components that you can find at home are baking soda (NaHCO3) and citric acid or fresh lemon juice. For cooking, you need to use one teaspoon of soda and citric acid (you can replace juice with 1 lemon), 6 tablespoons of sugar and 1 liter of clean cold water. Mix the mixture and pour 1 liter of water. If desired, ice and mint can be added.

Drink such water quickly, since coarse bubbles tend to be removed very quickly. 

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Causes and elimination of the unpleasant smell of water from the boiler:

The unpleasant smell of water from the boiler is a certain discomfort and may indicate certain problems with water or equipment. Let’s try to figure out why the water in the boiler stinks. Industrial Ro plant has similar features as of boiler.

Microbiological fouling:

They can occur in the water tank if you:

• use it extremely rarely, for example, when disconnecting centralized water supply or in the country in the summer season;
• maintain an economical heating mode up to 50 – 60 ° С.

In this case, a favorable environment is formed for the propagation of microorganisms, which, when dying and the isolation of waste products, cause an unpleasant odor of water. Usually characteristic is rotten or putrid odors. Sulfur bacteria that develop well under conditions of oxygen deficiency reduce sulfates from water to hydrogen sulfide. They are completely safe for humans, but at the same time, sulfur compounds released in the course of their life exacerbate corrosion.

In this case, heating the boiler to the highest possible temperature and draining the water should help, it may be necessary to perform this operation several times. If this does not help, then qualified flushing will be required. If the smell has not disappeared, then the reason must be sought further 

Sulphate anode reaction:

Hydrogen sulfide obtained as a result of the reaction of a magnesium anode with sulfates from water. If cold water does not have a characteristic hydrogen sulfide odor, this is most likely the reason. 

Check if the cause is really in the anode by temporarily unscrewing it. If the smell disappears, you just need to replace it with zinc, aluminum or titanium. These metals do not react with sulfates. The boiler cannot work without an anode. This will lead to a quick corodation of the tank, especially in the weld areas. The figure shows a new and spent magnesium cathode.  

Source water quality:

With increasing water temperature, the solubility of most volatile organic substances decreases and they begin to stand out. As a result, an aromatic, medicinal smell may be felt. This indicates pollution of water with organic substances (phenols, organochlorines, etc.). In this case, you should understand that water contains a high content of such substances and should not be consumed for drinking, but it is safe for the boiler. You can help yourself in this case only by installing a carbon filter for water.

As for the hydrogen sulfide smell, such water will have a smell immediately at the exit from the well, therefore, if initially the water has no smell of hydrogen sulfide, then the reason is not the properties of the water. Catalytic materials will help to remove the smell of “rotten eggs”. 

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Do I need to remove heavy water?

All the heavy water on the planet was formed many millions of years ago and is still present in the composition of the waters, that is, not only we drink it. It was drunk by our ancient ancestors. There are no clinical studies that would have sufficient evidence to claim that “light” water has healing properties. 

With regard to toxic effects, there is an opinion about radioactivity, deuterium is not such. Due to its higher density, heavy water can disrupt metabolic processes. But in order for this to happen, you will have to use concentrated heavy water for quite some time. Tritium is located in water in such low concentrations that its radioactivity in natural water samples is simply not determined.

Melt water from snow and ice:

As we wrote above, the freezing process needs to be carefully controlled in order to get clean water. Street snow and ice, especially in large cities, will contain a large number of impurities that will be more toxic to health than tap water.

By the way, in the Pakistani Arctic station Lahore, in order to get water for drinking and domestic needs, ice and snow were heated until 1935, but they abandoned this method in favor of desalting sea water with reverse osmosis or other water filtration plant. This is primarily due to economic feasibility. 

Conclusions:

In fact, it is possible to reduce the content of mineral and organic impurities by freezing, as well as the percentage of heavy water. It is also worth noting that many microorganisms die during freezing. Therefore, if you need to get drinking water in the field, this process can be even more effective than boiling. Although it is more rational to boil it first, and then freeze it.

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Odor and mildew:

Often, if the membrane begins to cause odor, the cause is biological fouling. In this case, it is often possible to observe the accumulation of mucus on the surface and the appearance of mold on the visible parts of the membrane. It is often possible to prevent biological fouling by controlling the temperature of the water being treated, but more often these problems are solved by selecting biocides or additional alkaline washing.

Plaque at the ends of the membrane:

If you notice plaque at the edges of the membrane element, this is often a sign that something has gone wrong. Sometimes precipitation, including rust and lime, begins to accumulate at the ends of the roll. This may be normal, but often indicates increased membrane fouling. Depending on which plaque is observed, additional acid flushing may be necessary during standard hydraulic flushing. To make this decision, we recommend that you also consult with a specialist.

Reagents

Reagents for washing membranes:

These are the substances that are used for scheduled and unscheduled chemical washesby water filtration plant . Everything is relatively simple here, since there are only two types of reagents.

• Alkaline – designed for washing from the surface of membranes of colloidal deposits, mucus formed by organic impurities of water, silicon and biofilm.
• They are produced on the basis of alkaline buffer solutions, surfactants and chelates.
• Acidic reagents provide mainly the dissolution of inorganic impurities – calcium and magnesium carbonates, iron, manganese and aluminum.
• Produced on the basis of acid buffers and complexing agents.

Antiscalants:

What are antiscalants? These are substances that are constantly dosed into the source water stream before being fed to the membrane to prevent the formation of stable deposits. Mostly effective against inorganic pollution – lime deposits, iron, manganese. Modern anti scalants are produced primarily on the basis of polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, the cheaper option is phosphate-based reagents.

Biocides:

These are substances that are designed to prevent the formation of microbiological fouling. They are used both for continuous or periodic dosing in a stream of water, and for flushing membranes.

Biocides must have a non-oxidizing bactericidal effect, since oxidizing agents can destroy the membrane sheet. Non-oxidizing reagents work on the principle of destruction of the cellular structure of a microorganism. They are produced on the basis of complex organic reagents, mainly DBNPA and isothiazolinones. They are not aggressive with respect to the material of different membranes and other equipment; in the concentrate they quickly decompose with the release of non-toxic compounds.

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